Nature Bulletin No. 504-A   October 27, 1973
Forest Preserve District of Cook County
George W. Dunne, President
Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation

****:MOOSE

The word "moose" came to us from Algonquian Indians. Consequently 
its plural, instead of being "mooses" or "meese", is the same as the 
singular. That is true of most Indian names whether of a tribe, such as 
the Winnebago and Potawatomi, or of an object such as papoose. It is 
also true of many wildlife names not of Indian origin -- for example: 
deer, mink and grouse.

Moose are the monarchs of the north woods, particularly forests 
surrounding innumerable lakes and swamps. They are splendid 
swimmers fond of wading into waters where they dredge up lily roots 
and other aquatic plants. On land, although they do graze on grasses 
and sedges, moose are primarily browsers feeding on the leaves and 
tender twigs of hardwood trees and shrubs, especially willows, in 
summer; on balsam and white cedar or other conifers in winter: on 
twigs and bark in early spring.

Moose range from Maine to Hudson Bay, northwest to Alaska, and 
south into Montana, Wyoming and Minnesota. There are a few on the 
Upper Peninsula of Michigan; and on Isle Royale there is a herd that 
has become too numerous because that is a national park isolated in 
Lake Superior. In Wisconsin and Michigan there are early records of 
moose almost as far south as Detroit but apparently they did not occur 
in Illinois.

A moose, blackish brown except for its paler belly and legs, is the 
largest of the deer family. A bull may stand from 5-1/2 to 6 feet tall at 
the shoulders and weigh from 900 to 1400 pounds. On the Kenal 
Peninsula of Alaska they become even taller, heavier, and are more 
richly colored. He is a formidable but grotesque critter. His body, from 
the high-humped withers to the absurd little tail, seems too short for 
the long gangling legs. His gait appears awkward because the forelegs 
are longer than the hind ones but a moose can trot at incredible speed. 
His short thick neck supports a long narrow head with large nostrils 
and a broad overhanging flexible muzzle. Dangling from the throat is 
a long hairy "bell" which, in old age: shrinks to a sort of pouch.

On this massive head and neck the bull carries a tremendous pair of 
flattened antlers with perhaps more than 30 prongs or "points" and 
their spread may exceed 6 feet. Like other deer, these are shed each 
winter and grown anew during summer. The cows have no antlers and 
are about 25 percent smaller than the bulls and appear even more 
gaunt and ungainly. Their calves, frequently twins, are born in late 
spring.

Although they "yard" together in spring, during most of the year, 
moose are solitary secretive animals and very wary of mankind. In 
autumn, however, the bulls roam the forests in search of mates, 
bawling invitations to any cow and challenges to any male -- day or 
night. There are vicious battles, sometimes fatal. At that time they are 
in prime shape, with new antlers prized as trophies, and are stalked by 
daring hunters who lure them by imitating their calls with birch bark 
horns. Then they are surly, fearless and dangerous. A bull moose, 
cornered or wounded, will charge like an angry elephant.